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A honky-tonk also called honkatonk , honkey-tonk , honky tonk , or tonk is either a bar that provides country music for the entertainment of its patrons or the style of music played in such establishments. It can also refer to the type of piano tack piano used to play such music.
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Bars of this kind are common in the South and Southwest United States. The origin of the term "honky-tonk" is disputed, originally referring to bawdy variety shows in areas of the old West Oklahoma , the Indian Territories and mostly Texas and to the actual theaters showing them. The first music genre to be commonly known as honky-tonk was a style of piano playing related to ragtime but emphasizing rhythm more than melody or harmony ; the style evolved in response to an environment in which pianos were often poorly cared for, tending to be out of tune and having some nonfunctioning keys.
This honky-tonk music was an important influence on the boogie-woogie piano style. Before World War II, the music industry began to refer to hillbilly music being played from Texas and Oklahoma to the West Coast as "honky-tonk" music. The origin of the term honky-tonk is unknown. The earliest known use in print is an article in the Peoria Journal dated June 28, , stating, "The police spent a busy day today raiding the bagnios and honkytonks.
The sound of honky-tonk or honk-a-tonk and the types of places that were called honky-tonks suggests that the term may be an onomatopoeic reference to the loud, boisterous music and noise heard at these establishments. Manufacturing Company in , so such an etymology is possible, [ 7 ] [ 8 ] however, these pianos were not manufactured until , at which point the term seems to have already been established.
An early source purporting to explain the derivation of the term spelled honkatonk was an article published in by the New York Sun and widely reprinted in other newspapers. Seafaring men of a few years ago knew very well, as the honky-tonks of San Francisco 's Barbary Coast constituted perhaps the most vivid spots in their generally uneventful lives. The name originated on the Barbary Coast and was applied to the low " dives " which formed so great a part of this notorious district.
In these establishments, which were often of enormous size, much liquor was dispensed at the tables which crowded the floor, and entertainment of doubtful quality was given on a stage at one end of the room.
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The honky tonk, as a matter of fact, was the predecessor of the present-day cabaret or night club , the principal differences being that the prices were lower and that the former establishment made no pretense of " class. Honky-tonks were rough establishments, providing country music in the Deep South and Southwest and serving alcoholic beverages to a working-class clientele.
Some honky-tonks offered dancing to music played by pianists or small bands, and some were centers of prostitution. Katrina Hazzard-Gordon wrote that the honky-tonk was "the first urban manifestation of the jook ", and that "the name itself became synonymous with a style of music.
Related to the classic blues in tonal structure, honky-tonk has a tempo that is slightly stepped up. It is rhythmically suited for many African-American dance. Although the derivation of the term is unknown, honky tonk originally referred to bawdy variety shows in the West Oklahoma and Indian Territories and Texas and to the theaters housing them.
The earliest mention of them in print refers to them as "variety theaters" [ 14 ] and describe the entertainment as "variety shows".
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In recollections long after the frontiers closed, writers such as Wyatt Earp and E. Abbott referred to honky-tonks in the cowtowns of Kansas, Nebraska, and Montana in the s and s. However, in contemporary accounts these were nearly always called hurdy-gurdy shows, possibly derived from the term hurdy-gurdy , which was sometimes mistakenly applied to a small, portable barrel organ that was frequently played by organ grinders and buskers.
As late as , Col. The honky-tonk sound has a full rhythm section playing a two-beat rhythm with a crisp backbeat. Steel guitar and fiddle are the dominant instruments. The first music genre to be commonly known as honky-tonk music was a style of piano playing related to ragtime but emphasizing rhythm more than melody or harmony ; the style evolved in response to an environment in which the pianos were often poorly cared for, tending to be out of tune and having some nonfunctioning keys.
The twelve-bar blues instrumental " Honky Tonk " by the Bill Doggett Combo, with a sinuous saxophone line and driving, slow beat, was an early rock and roll hit. New Orleans native Fats Domino was another honky-tonk piano man, whose " Blueberry Hill " and " Walkin' to New Orleans " were hits on the popular music charts. In the years before World War II, the music industry began to refer to honky-tonk music played from Texas and Oklahoma to the West Coast as hillbilly music.
More recently, the term has come to refer to the primary sound in country music , developing in Nashville as Western swing became accepted there. Originally, it featured the guitar , fiddle , string bass , and steel guitar imported from Hawaiian folk music. The vocals were originally rough and nasal, as exemplified by the singer-songwriters Floyd Tillman and Hank Williams , but later developed a clear and sharp sound, such as that of George Jones and Faron Young.